If the weight of the building is equal to the weight of the soil and water removed from the excavation, then it is evident that the total vertical pressure in the soil below depth D in Fig. 14.4(c) shows a structure built in the excavation and completely filling it. 14.4(b) shows an excavation made in the ground to a depth D where D > dw, and Fig. 14.4(a) shows a horizontal ground surface with a horizontal water table at a depth dw below the ground surface. This principle of flotation may be explained with reference to Fig. A floating foundation for a building is defined as a foundation in which the weight of the building is approximately equal to the full weight including water of the soil removed from the site of the building.
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